Length (disk + tail): 1.2–1.4 m
Mass: 40–50 kg
Body: Dorso-ventrally flattened disk with broad fin-lobes for swimming; no hind walking limbs
Forelimbs: Two anterior grasping arms only, each with five short keratin-tipped digits (claws) for anchoring to roots/stone and seizing shoreline prey; incapable of supporting body on land
Skin: Velvety, matte peat-green to mud-brown with gritty dermal plaques that trap silt/algae (living-rock camouflage)
Head & Mouth: Subterminal mouth facing downward; pharyngeal shearing plates (rasping hold rather than fangs)
Senses: High-set eyes for peeking above silt; dorsal spiracular vents for breathing while the mouth is silt-sealed; lateral pressure pores detect wakes and footfalls
Tail: Long, muscular tail with thin fin edge for steering and burst starts
Locomotion: Undulates fin-lobes and tail to swim; cannot locomote on land (obligate aquatic)